BASIC HUMAN NEEDS

Basic human needs is one important aspect to consider nurses. Inequality that occurred in one or more of these needs will lead to an imbalance (disturbance of homeostasis) in the individual self. If the condition persists, homestasis impaired individuals, can become ill and eventually require hospitalization. State of illness and hospitalization process itself and also to increase the inequality of individual fulfillment that was treated.

Understanding Basic Human Needs.
Basic human needs are the elements required by humans in maintaining physiological and psychological equilibrium, which must aim to preserve life and health. Feature Basic Human Needs Human beings have basic needs that are heterogeneous. Everyone basically has the same needs, but because of culture, the need for different tersebutpun participate. To meet the human needs to adjust to the existing priorities. Then if it fails to meet its needs, people will think harder and bergera to try to get it. Factors that Influence the Basic Human Needs
Basic human needs are influenced by various factors:
1. Disease. The presence of disease in the body can cause changes in the fulfillment of needs, both physiologically and psychologically, because some organ function requires the fulfillment of greater than usual.
2. Family Relations. Good family relations could improve basic needs because of mutual trust, to feel the pleasures of life, tidakadarasacuriga, and others.
3. Self Concept. The concept of human self has a role in the fulfillment of basic needs. Positive self-concept gives meaning and integrity (wholeness) to someone. The concept of a healthy self-generate positive feelings toward themselves. People who feel positive about themselves would be easy to change, easy to identify needs and develop a healthy way of life, so easy to make ends meet.
4. Development Phase. In line with the increasing age of humans have evolved. Each stage of development have different needs, both biological needs, psychological, social or spiritual, considering the various functions of body organs undergo a process of maturation with activity berbedauntuk every stage of development.


Fulfillment of Basic Human Needs Characteristics
      1. Every human being has the same Basic Human Needs, in which each requirement is modified by cultur.
      2. Someone needs according to priority.
      3. Although the general requirements must be fulfilled, some needs can be postponed.
      4. Failure to meet the needs of homeostatic imbalance --> produce pain.

Some Basic Human Needs Model
Virginia Henderson (1955)
The components of the underlying model of Virginia Henderson nursing:
• The Activities Of Living
Beliefs and values:
1. The focus of nursing is a client that has the attachment to life by an individual during the life cycle of moving  from dependence towards independence in accordance with the age, condition and environment.
2. The nurse is the main helper in the development of individuals carrying out important activities.
3. It should be noted for providing care are:
a. Humans have evolved from conception to death through a process of growth and development.
b. Individuals in carrying out their daily activities from dependence to independence.
c. Individuals can carry out activities of daily living can be found condition:
- Not to carry out the activity.
- Inhibited activity.
- Unable to perform the activity again.

• 14 basic human needs:
1. Normal breathing
2. Eating & drinking adequately
3. Normal elimination
4. Moving & maintain posture
5. Sleep & rest
6. Choosing clothes that fit, open & wearing apparel
7. Maintaining body temperature within normal limits with dress and modifying clothing.
8. Maintain cleanliness of body and dress up and protect the integument.
9. Avoid environmental hazards and prevent accidents.
10. Communicate with others to express emotions, needs, fears and opinions.
11. Worship / prayer.
12. Play / participate in various forms of recreation.
13. Work.
14. Learning, satisfying curiosity for the development and health and use health facilities that are available.

• Theory Virginia H. With the main concept:
1. Human
Henderson considers the components of physiological, psychological, spiritual and sociological.
- Person must maintain physiological and emotional balance.
- The mind and body are not separate.
- Patients and families are the units.
- The need of patients was 14 components.
2. Nursing
- Nursing has a unique function to assist both healthy and sick individuals.
- The function of the nurse as a member of the medical team.
- The nurse must be knowledgeable either biological or social sciences.
- The nurse examines basic human needs are given askep .
3. Health
- Healthy is the quality of life.
- Healthy is the basis for people to work.
- Health requires independence and interdependence.
- Peningkatn health is more important than caring for the sick.
- Individuals will achieve or maintain good health if it has the strength and knowledge.
4. Environmental
- Individuals who are healthy are able to control their environment, but the sickness will interfere with this ability.
- Nurses must protect patients from injury.
- The nurse must have the education about environmental safety.
- The doctor uses the results of observation and assessment as a basis for nurse prescribing.
- The nurse should provide input on the purchase of construction equipment and maintenance.

Abraham Maslow
According to Abraham Maslow humans have five needs that make up the tiers or also called the hierarchy of the most important to the unimportant and from easy to difficult to achieve or obtain. Human motivation is strongly influenced by the fundamental needs that need to be met.
Maslow Needs must meet the needs of the most important first and then increased to a less important. To be able to feel the pleasure of a first level of needs should be satisfied that the needs are at the lower level.
Five (5) Maslow's basic needs - have been prepared based on the most important requirement to a less crucial:
1. Physiological Needs
Examples are: Clothing / apparel, food / food, shelter / home, and biological needs such as defecation, urination, breathing, and so forth.
2. Safety and Security Needs
Examples such as: Free from occupation, free from the threat, free from pain, free from terror, and so forth.
3. Social Needs
Example is: having friends, having a family, need love from the opposite sex, and others.
4. Award Requirements
Examples: praise, certificates, decorations, gifts, and many others.
5. Self-actualization Needs
Is the need and desire to act as they pleased according to their talents and interests.

The concept of Basic Human Needs Based Growth
Sigmund Freud Theory
Psychological theory of the most widely referenced in psychology approach or the most dominant in the analysis of literary works is the theory of psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud (Ratna, 2004:62 and 344). According to Freud (2002:3), psychoanalysis is a method of medical treatment for people suffering from neurological disorders. Psychoanalysis is a type of therapy aims to treat someone who has mental and neurological deviations.
In theory he uses psychoanalysis, personality is seen as a structure consisting of three elements and systems, ie, Id (Das Es), Ego (Das Ich), and the superego (Uber Das Ich) (Koeswara, 1991:32; Poduska, 2000: 78). The three personality system is interconnected with one another and form a totality and human behavior is nothing but a product of interaction of the three. Id is a biological component, the ego is a psychological component, while the superego is the social component (Corey, 2003:14). Here we will elaborate further on the three systems of personality according to Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory.
 Id is the original system of personality or personality of the most basic systems, systems in which there is innate instincts (Koeswara, 1991:32). As according to Palmquist (2005:105), id is the unconscious psychic who attempted to meet basic instinctive impulse. Furthermore according to Corey (2003:14), id is the dwelling place of instincts. My less organized, blind, demanding, urgent, and are not conscious. My only arise by pleasure without realizing it by values, ethics, and morals. By operating on the pleasure principle, the id is the source of all psychic energy, ie, libido, and sexual in nature.
Id is the biological aspect and is the original system in this aspect of personality and of two other aspects of growth. My only desires hunt alone without judging it good or bad. He is part of the primitive unconscious in the mind, which was born along with the individual (Berry, 2001:75).
My work in line with the principles of pleasure, which can be understood as an encouragement to always comply with the requirements immediately. The function id is the only one to seek immediate tersalurnya clusters of energy or tension that had been poured in her body by stimuli, both from within and from outside. He was in charge of translating the needs of one organism into motivational forces, which in other words is called by instinct or passion. Freud also referred to the need. Translation of these desires need to be called the primary process (Boeree, 2005:38).
Ego different from the Id. Ego is a personality system that acts as a referral of individuals to objects of reality, and perform its functions on the principle of reality (Koeswara 1991:33-34). As according to Ahmadi (1992:152), the ego appears as thought and consideration. Ego acts as opposed to the Id. Ego arises because of the needs of the organism require transactions in accordance with world kenyataan.Ego have contact with the external world of reality. The ego is the executive of the personality who govern, control, and regulate (Corey, 2003:14). The ego is the consciousness from which he came, though not all functions can be carried out with a conscious (Berry, 2001:76).
Ego is the psychological aspect that arises because the organism needs to relate well with the world of reality. Ego can distinguish something that exists only in the inner world and the things that exist in the outside world. The primary role of the ego is to become a bridge between instinctual needs with environmental circumstances, in the interest of the organism.
According Bertens (2002:71) the task of the ego is to maintain its own personality and warrant an adjustment to the environment. Ego also controls what is going in awareness and what to do. Ego connects the organisms with the reality of the world through conscious that he occupied, and he was looking for objects to satisfy the wishes and desires are generated id to represent what is needed organism. Settlement process is called the secondary process (Boeree, 2005:39).
Superego is a personality system that contains the values and rules that are evaluative (Koeswara, 1991:34-35). He acted as a director or a judge of the ego. According Kartono (1996:129), the superego is the highest substance on human beings, which provides guidance lines ethis and norms that must be followed. Superego is more of a perfection rather than pleasure, because it can be regarded as the moral aspect of personality. The superego by Palmquist (2004:103), is part of the human soul is generated in response to the influence of parents, teachers and other authority figures in childhood. This warehouse psiki for all views of right and wrong.
Superego is the moral or legal branch of the personality. Superego represents this ideal, and encouraged him not to the pleasure, but to perfection. Superego-related rewards and punishments. Rewards, rewards are feelings of pride and self love, while the penalty-punishment is guilty feelings and low self-esteem (Corey, 2003:15). Furthermore, according to Hall and Gardner (1993:67-68) The primary function of superego, among others:
(1) as the controlling impulses or impulses instinct for id impulses are channeled in a manner or form acceptable to the community.
(2) direct the ego on the objectives in accordance with the moral rather than with reality.
(3) encourage individuals to perfection.
Superego always forcing the ego to suppress different desires into the subconscious. Superego, along with the id, are the wild subconscious.
So superego tend to oppose, both ego and id, and make the world according to the conception of the ideal. All three of these aspects has its own characteristics although in practice, but all three are always interact dynamically.

Components of this paradigm is the first nursing as one of the focus of nursing care. Humans act as a client which is the biopsychosocial and spiritual beings who happen is the unity of physical and spiritual aspects which have unique properties with different needs according to their developmental level. Thus, in fulfilling their basic needs are often influenced by various aspects of good environmental, health.